Climate Action
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Temperature above pre-industrial
1.3°C (est)
WMO estimate · 2025
Total GHG emissions
57.5 Gt CO₂eq (est)
UNEP estimate · 2025
Emission reduction needed by 2030
42% (est)
UNFCCC · 2025
CO₂ concentration
426 ppm (est)
WMO estimate · 2025
Global Progress Score
Based on Sustainable Development Report 2025
Historical Trend (2015–2025)
Regional Comparison (2025)
Goal 13: Climate Action — Score per Country (2025)
Each country is scored 0–100 based on its progress toward this goal. Drag to rotate. Hover or tap a country to see its score.
Key Targets
SDR 2025 scores SDG 13 at 83.9/100 globally — misleadingly high, as the indicator measures policy adoption rather than emissions outcomes. Real-world emissions remain at record highs. The UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2025 projects 2.8–3.1°C warming on current policies. The 1.5°C Paris target is now considered by most climate scientists to be effectively unreachable. Each 0.1°C of additional warming avoided still prevents enormous damage: at 2°C vs. 1.5°C, 420 million more people are exposed to extreme heat and 70% of coral reefs are lost.
3.1°C
projected warming by 2100 under current government policies — double the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target and well into the range of catastrophic, irreversible impacts.
UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2025; SDR 2025 (SDSN)
Key Insights
Off Track by Design
Current nationally determined contributions (NDCs) from the 194 Paris Agreement signatories would lead to 2.5-2.9°C of warming. Only 26 countries have strengthened their NDCs since COP26. The IPCC says emissions must fall 43% by 2030 vs. 2019 to have a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5°C. Current trajectory: emissions are still rising.
The Climate Finance Gap
Developing nations need $1 trillion/year in climate finance by 2030. Rich nations pledged $100 billion/year in 2009 and only delivered it in 2022 — 13 years late. The COP28 Global Stocktake acknowledged a gap of 10-20× between current finance flows and what's needed. The new $300B/year collective goal agreed at COP29 (2024) is widely seen as inadequate.
Extreme Weather Acceleration
Climate-related natural disasters caused $280 billion in economic losses in 2023. Heatwaves that once occurred once per 50 years now happen every 5 years at 1.2°C warming. At 1.5°C, the frequency doubles; at 2°C, every 5-10 years becomes every 2-5 years. Heat-related deaths are rising 50-60% per decade.
Loss & Damage: A New Frontier
For the first time, COP28 (2023) established a Loss and Damage Fund for vulnerable nations already suffering unavoidable climate impacts. Initial pledges totalled $700 million — a fraction of the estimated $400 billion/year needed. Small island states face existential risk: several will be uninhabitable within decades.
Core Challenges
Fossil Fuel Lobbying
2,456 registered fossil fuel lobbyists attended COP28 in Dubai — more than the combined delegations of the 10 most climate-vulnerable countries. Fossil fuel subsidies reached $7 trillion globally in 2022. The political economy of decarbonization is the primary obstacle, not the technology.
Just Transition
Decarbonizing coal-dependent economies in South Africa, Poland, India, and Indonesia without harming workers and communities requires investment in economic diversification, retraining, and social protection. Without it, climate policy generates political backlash that slows the transition.
Adaptation Underfunding
Adaptation (building resilience to already-locked-in climate change) receives only 7% of global climate finance. The gap between adaptation needs and funding was $194-366 billion/year in 2020-2021. As warming increases, adaptation becomes more expensive and eventually impossible for the most vulnerable communities.
2030 Outlook
The window to limit warming to 1.5°C is nearly closed. Every fraction of a degree avoided saves lives, ecosystems, and economic value at enormous scale — the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C is 420 million more people exposed to extreme heat. The technology for decarbonization exists and is cost-competitive. What remains is political will and equitable finance.